Apparatus and method of handoff between wireless networks

ABSTRACT

A system and method are provided for supporting a multi-mode portable user terminal (UT) hard handoff procedure for a call from a wireless local area network (WLAN) to a cellular telephone network. The method includes: establishing a link between a UT and a serving WLAN; establishing a call via the established WLAN link; monitoring the WLAN link signal strength; simultaneously monitoring a serving cellular network; initiating a hard handoff to the cellular network, responsive to the monitored WLAN link signal strength falling below a minimum threshold; and, continuing the call via the cellular network. More specifically, the method initiates a call handoff to a Cellular Gateway (CGW) telephone number, responsive to the monitored WLAN link signal strength falling below the minimum threshold. Then, continuing the call via the cellular network includes continuing the call to the first telephone number via the CGW handoff telephone number.

CLAIM OF PRIORITY UNDER 35 U.S.C. §120

The present Application for Patent is a Continuation of Ser. No. 11/249,984, entitled. USER TERMINAL-INITIATED HARD HANDOFF FROM A WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORK TO A CELLULAR TELEPHONE NETWORK, filed Oct. 12, 2005, pending, which is a Continuation-in-Part of patent application Ser. No. 11/219,064, entitled, HARD HANDOFF FROM A WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORK TO A CELLULAR TELEPHONE NETWORK filed Sep. 1, 2005, pending, and assigned to the assignee hereof and hereby expressly incorporated by reference herein.

BACKGROUND

1. Field

This invention generally relates to wireless communications and, more particularly, to a User Terminal (UT)-initiated system and method for a hard handoff from a wireless local area network (WLAN) to a cellular telephone network.

2. Background

WLANs compliant with IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, and networks generally compliant with IEEE 802.15, such as wireless personal area network (WPANs) and ultra-wideband (UWB) networks, all share the characteristics of being relatively low power networks with high data rates. Bluetooth and 802.15 networks are envisioned for use in a “personal space”, such as an office, room, or car, while 802.11 networks operate at larger power levels and are intended to cover larger geographical areas. All the above-mentioned networks can be enabled to support wireless communications services conventionally associated with cellular telephones, such as voice calls and data streaming. However, while cellular telephone links are relatively robust. WLAN links are more susceptible to interruption. When a cellular user terminal (UT) reaches the boundary of a cell site, there is usually enough time to handoff an in-progress call to an adjoining cell. Handoff procedures between WLAN hotspots or access points (APs) are not as well established as they are for cellular networks. WLAN networks are designed for packet data communications, as opposed to real-time voice communications. The delays associated with reacquiring a hotspot are not as noticeable when data is being communicated.

In addition, WLAN coverage planning is often incomplete or sporadic. Further, the small geographical area associated with a hotspot means that a UT can move from a strong link, to loss of coverage almost instantaneously. The end result is that calls being carried by a WLAN link are susceptible to being dropped before any kind of handoff can be engaged to another access point or network.

It would be advantageous if a hard handoff procedure existed, to transfer a call being carried by a WLAN link, to a cellular telephone network, in the event that the WLAN network link is lost.

SUMMARY

Accordingly, a method is provided for supporting a multi-mode portable user terminal (UT) hard handoff procedure for a call from a wireless local area network (WLAN) to a cellular telephone network. The method comprises: establishing a link between a UT and a serving WLAN; establishing a call via the established WLAN link; monitoring the WLAN link signal strength; simultaneously monitoring a serving cellular network; initiating a hard handoff to the cellular network, responsive to the monitored WLAN link signal strength falling below a minimum threshold; and, continuing the call via the cellular network.

More specifically, the method establishes a call with a first telephone number via the WLAN link, and initiates a call handoff to a Cellular Gateway (CGW) telephone number, responsive to the monitored WLAN link signal strength falling below the minimum threshold. Then, continuing the call via the cellular network includes continuing the call to the first telephone number via the CGW handoff telephone number.

The WLAN link call can be either a Mobile Originated (MO) call or a Mobile Terminated (MT) call. If the WLAN link call is an MT call, the call is continued as an MT via the cellular network, even though the UT initiates the call handoff to the CGW.

The method further comprises: receiving cellular network resource allocations in a common control channel message, responsive to initiating the call to the CGW telephone number; and, tuning to an allocated traffic channel within the cellular network. Then, continuing the call via the cellular network includes continuing the call using the allocated traffic channel.

Additional details of the above-described method, a system supporting a hard handoff procedure for transferring a call from a WLAN to a cellular network, and a multi-mode portable UT for supporting such a hard handoff procedure are provided below.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a system supporting a hard handoff procedure for transferring a call from a wireless local area network (WLAN) to a cellular network.

FIG. 2 is a more detailed depiction of the network topology of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a method for supporting a multi-mode portable UT hard handoff procedure for a call from a WLAN to a cellular telephone network.

FIG. 4 is a more detailed schematic block diagram of the User Terminal shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 5 is schematic block diagram depicting a variation of the multi-mode portable UT of FIG. 4, for supporting a hard handoff procedure for a call from a WLAN to a cellular telephone network.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a system supporting a hard handoff procedure for transferring a call from a wireless local area network (WLAN) to a cellular network. The system 100 comprises a user terminal (UT) 102, which further comprises a WLAN subsystem 104 and cellular subsystem 106. The WLAN subsystem 104 can be used to establish call through a link 105 between the UT 102 and a serving WLAN 108. The WLAN subsystem 104 monitors the WLAN signal strength. For example, the WLAN subsystem 104 may monitor the received signal strength from a communicating Access Point (AP) 110. Alternately, the WLAN subsystem may monitor its own transmit power levels. As is understood by those skilled in the art, the WLAN subsystem wireless interface may include baseband, de/modulation, and transceiver circuitry not shown, along with an antenna.

The cellular subsystem 106 is registered with, and monitors a serving cellular telephone network 112. This description is intended to describe a UT that is registered with a cellular network, but not actively engaged in a cellular network telephone call. However, the cellular subsystem initiates a call handoff to a Cellular Gateway (CGW) 114 responsive to the monitored WLAN link 105 signal strength falling below a minimum threshold. Alternately, the UT WLAN subsystem 104, or some other entity of the UT, may detect that the call has been dropped, and initiate a hard handoff of the basis of the call being dropped in the WLAN link. As is understood by those skilled in the art, the cellular subsystem 106 wireless interface may include baseband, de/modulation, and transceiver circuitry not shown, along with an antenna.

The CGW 114 has an interface to the UT cellular subsystem 106 via the cellular network 112, and an interface to the WLAN 108 via an Internet Protocol (IP) network. The CGW 114 receives the call handoff from the UT cellular subsystem 106, supplies cellular network resources to the UT cellular subsystem 106, and continues the call initially established through the WLAN link 105. Alternately, the CGW 114 is understood to be a component of the cellular network 112.

The call initially carried via the WLAN link 105 may be either a Mobile Originated (MO) or a Mobile Terminated (MT) call. If the initial WLAN link call is MO, then it is relatively simple to conceive of the call being continued via the cellular network as a MO call, since it is the UT 102 that initiates the process, by making a call handoff to the CGW 114. However, if the initial WLAN link call is an MT call, then it may be desirable that the call be continued through the cellular network as an MT call, from the perspective of the UT 102. For example, the UT 102 may be billed differently if the call is continued as an MO call. However, in one aspect of the system, the CGW 114 records the call handoff as an MT call, if the call originated as an MT call via the WLAN network 108.

FIG. 4 is a more detailed schematic block diagram of the User Terminal shown in FIG. 1. Alternately, the invention can be considered from the perspective of a multi-mode portable UT for supporting a hard handoff procedure for a call from a WLAN to a cellular telephone network. As noted above, the UT comprises a WLAN subsystem 104 for establishing a link 105 between the UT 102 and a serving WLAN 110, establishing a call via the established WLAN link 105, and monitoring the WLAN signal strength. The cellular subsystem 106 monitors a serving cellular telephone network 112, initiates a hard handoff to the cellular network 112 responsive to the monitored WLAN link signal strength falling below a minimum threshold. The cellular subsystem 106 continues the call via the cellular network 112.

The WLAN subsystem 104 is capable of establishing a call with the serving WLAN 108 in a format such as packet data, voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), or video telephony (VT). The WLAN subsystem 104 may, for example, establish the call with an IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, or IEEE 802.15 network WLAN. However, the invention is not limited to any particular type of WLAN network or call format.

The cellular subsystem 106 is capable of continuing the call via the cellular network 112 in a format such as packet data, VoIP, or circuit switched (CS). The UT cellular subsystem 106 continues the call via a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), or Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) cellular network. However, the invention is not limited to any particular type of cellular network or call format.

As is conventional, the cellular subsystem 106 typically includes an antenna 400, a duplexer 402, a receiver (RCVR) 404, with demodulation circuitry (not shown), a transmitter (XMIT) 406, with modulation circuitry (not shown), and a baseband unit 408. Likewise, the WLAN subsystem 104 typically includes an antenna 410, a duplexer 412, a receiver (RCVR) 414, with demodulation circuitry (not shown), a transmitter (XMIT) 416, with modulation circuitry (not shown). and a baseband unit 418.

Also shown is a microprocessor (uP) 420 and a memory 422. Software instructions 423, capable of generating microprocessor commands, are shown stored in memory 422. It should be understood that that the functions generally described as being performed by the WLAN subsystem 104 and cellular subsystem 106, are more specifically performed as a result of commands generated by the microprocessor 420. The commands generated by the microprocessor 420 are responsive to instructions from a software application 423 stored in memory 422, which is in turn responsive to information supplied by baseband units 408 and 418. In one aspect, the microprocessor 420 executes instructions 423 using a Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless (BREW) application and Application Program Interface (API) 424 connected to the baseband units 408 and 418. Alternately but not shown, instructions can be carried out using a state machine such as a programmable gate array.

Referencing both FIGS. 1 and 4, the WLAN subsystem 104 establishes a call with a first telephone number associated with a peer user (remote party), not shown. The remote party with the first number may be associated with the same cellular network 112, a different cellular network (not shown), or in a POTS network (not shown), to name a few examples. The cellular subsystem 106 initiates a call handoff to a Cellular Gateway (COW) telephone number responsive to the monitored WLAN link signal strength falling below the minimum threshold. The cellular subsystem 106 continues the call to the first telephone number via the CGW handoff telephone number.

The UT cellular subsystem 106 calls the CGW handoff telephone number in a conventional manner. Upon receiving a request for the CGW telephone number, the cellular network assigns a traffic channel and sets up a call between the UT and the CGW using conventional cellular network procedures. That is, the cellular subsystem 106 receives cellular network resources in a common control channel, responsive to initiating the call handoff to the CGW telephone number. Then, the cellular subsystem 106 tunes to an allocated traffic channel and continues the call using the allocated traffic channel.

The CGW telephone number may be a predetermined single number that is known by a UT prior to registering with the cellular network 112. Alternately, the cellular network may assign a CGW telephone number to the UT 102 upon registration, or upon initiating a call via the WLAN network. In other aspects, a plurality of telephone numbers may be used by the UT to access the CGW 114. For example, different CGW telephone numbers may be cross-referenced to different WLAN networks. Alternately, different CGW telephone numbers may be cross-referenced to different types of cellular network subscribers. In another aspect (discussed in more detail below), different CGW telephone numbers may be used depending on whether the initial WLAN call is an MO or MT call. In a different aspect, different CGW telephone numbers are cross-referenced to a status associated with the UT's calling partner.

As noted above, the WLAN subsystem may establish either an MO call or an MT call. The categorization of the continued call may be important to the user of the UT, as the minutes associated with an MT call may be charged differently than MO call minutes. In the simplest scenario, the initial WLAN call (to a first telephone number) is an MO call, and since the UT initiates the call handoff to the CGW, the call that is continued (to the first telephone number) through the cellular network is recorded as an MO call.

However, if the initial WLAN call is an MT call, the cellular subsystem continues the call handoff to the CGW telephone number as an MT call, even though the UT initiates the call handoff to the CGW. As noted above, this may be accomplished by using a special CGW telephone, assigned to MT calls only. Alternately, the CGW receives MO/MT call status in control channel communications with the UT, or through control channel communications with the peer user (the device associated with the first telephone number). In another aspect, the CGW 114 is involved in creating a linkage between the first telephone number and the call initially established through the WLAN network 108. As a result, the CGW already knows the MO/MT call status, prior to the handoff.

Functional Description

The following technical discussion of the invention is based primarily upon a COMA air interface, but the same solution can be easily adapted to other air interfaces, such as GSM and UMTS. Likewise, although an exemplary IEEE 802.11 WLAN is shown, the invention is not limited to merely this example. The present invention has several advantages over prior art approaches. The UT software implementation is simpler, and the present invention can be implemented using conventional methods for inter-BSC hard hand off. Further, the present invention process reduces the delay in the handoff call process and simplifies call traffic routing at the core network.

FIG. 2 is a more detailed depiction of the network topology of FIG. 1. The cellular network 112 and the WLAN network 108 are connected via an IP core network 204. The IP network 204 comprises the following functional components. A Media Gateway 206 terminates the PCM/T1 or PCM/E1 on the PSTN side, and converts them to IP-based traffic. In the reverse direction, the Media Gateway 206 terminates VoIP and converts to PCM. The Media Gateway 206 is controlled by the Signaling Gateway 208 using MGCP (Media Gateway Control Protocol).

The Signaling Gateway 208 is a unit about equivalent to a conventional MSC (Mobile Switching Center). It uses the IOS (IS-2001) over IP to communicate with a Radio Access Network (RAN), and IS-41 to communicate with legacy cellular core network elements (i.e., MSC, HLR (Home Location Register) and SMSC (Short Message Service Center)). In this case, the Signaling Gateway 208 interfaces to the Cellular Gateway (CGW) 114, which acts in a manner that is similar to a conventional Base Station Controller (BSC).

The Cellular Gateway (CGW) 114 connects to the WLAN network 108 and the cellular network 112. It acts as a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) entity on the WLAN side, and is seen as a BSC on the cellular network side. The CGW 114 is involved in setting up the VoIP call on the WLAN side, and if necessary, is involved in the handover of the call to the cellular network. The CGW 114 holds a database for each active call. Each active call entry holds: the calling number and the called number. In addition, the CGW 114 may create an IMSI-MAC (Media Access Control) association for each UT (Mobile) connected via the WLAN 108.

Although there are commercially available solutions that provide SIP-PSTN connectivity, namely a SIP Gateway, the CGW is a novel component supporting the present invention functionality. For example, the CGW should be able to support a proprietary period measurement message generated by the UT, and transfer call linkage from a WLAN network to a cellular network.

A dual technology Mobile Station (MS), or dual-mode UT 102 is able to operate in both the WLAN network 108 and the cellular network 112. In other words, the UT supports both protocols, but does not necessarily permit simultaneous operation in dedicated modes.

The hand off from a SIP-based call running over the WLAN network 108, to a call running in cellular native mode, is UT-initiated. That is, the UT collects information and makes the decision to perform a Hard Handoff (HHO). However, both the UT 102 and the network 112 have important roles in accomplishing the HHO.

The UT 102 is initially assumed to be engaged in call linked via the WLAN network 108. While call is active, the CGW 114 holds the call parameters, such as the means of identifying the UT in both the cellular and WLAN networks. While in the WLAN dedicated mode (in active call), the UT continuously monitors the signal strength of both the WLAN and the cellular network. The UT may send periodic reports on the reception quality of both networks to the CGW. The CGW, based on these reports, may decide to hand off the UT from the WLAN, to the cellular network. In this case, the CGW initiates a procedure similar to an inter-BSC (inter/intra MSC) hard handoff procedure, asking for resource allocation on the cellular network side to permit the call to continue using the cellular network.

However, a UT-initiated HHO procedure is advantageous in the event of a sudden loss of the WLAN link. When the UT initially enters a dedicated mode (an active call) over the WLAN access network, the CGW notifies the UT of a “CGW handover phone number”. The CGW handover phone number may be a unique dummy number that is assigned to each CGW. In case of a sudden loss of the WLAN call, the UT and CGW perform the following steps:

If the CGW detects the WLAN call is lost, it does not disconnect the call leg with the remote party, who has also been referred to herein as the first telephone number. Simultaneously, the UT originates a conventional cellular call to the “CGW handover phone number”. The CGW connects the incoming call from the UT with the remote party call leg, using the UT cellular network identity (i.e., IMSI) as a key to identify the appropriate call leg.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a method for supporting a multi-mode portable UT hard handoff procedure for a call from a WLAN to a cellular telephone network. Although the method is depicted as a sequence of numbered steps for clarity, the numbering does not necessarily dictate the order of the steps. It should be understood that some of these steps may be skipped, performed in parallel, or performed without the requirement of maintaining a strict order of sequence. The method starts at Step 300.

Step 302 establishes a link between a UT and a serving WLAN. Step 304 establishes a call via the established WLAN link. Step 306 monitors the WLAN link signal strength. Step 308 simultaneously monitors a serving cellular network. Step 310 initiates a hard handoff to the cellular network, responsive to the monitored WLAN link signal strength falling below a minimum threshold. Step 312 continues the call via the cellular network.

In one aspect, establishing the call between the UT and the serving WLAN in Step 304 includes establishing a call in a one of the following formats: packet data, VoIP, or video telephony (VT). In another aspect, Step 304 establishes the call with a WLAN such as a IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, or IEEE 802.15 networks. However, the method is not necessarily limited to the above-mentioned call formats or networks.

In a different aspect, continuing the call via the cellular network in Step 312 includes continuing the call in one of the following formats: VoIP, packet data, or circuit switched (CS). In another aspect, Step 312 continues the call via a cellular network such as a CDMA, GSM, or UMTS network. However, the method is not necessarily limited to the above-mentioned call formats or networks.

In one aspect, establishing the call via the established WLAN link in Step 304 includes establishing a call with a first telephone number (remote party) via the WLAN link. Then, initiating a hard handoff to the cellular network, responsive to the monitored WLAN link signal strength falling below the minimum threshold, includes initiating a call handoff to a Cellular Gateway (CGW) telephone number. Continuing the call via the cellular network in Step 312 includes continuing the call to the first telephone number via the CGW handoff telephone number.

In another aspect, Step 311 a receives cellular network resource allocations in a common control channel message, responsive to initiating the call to the CGW telephone number (Step 310). Step 311 b tunes to an allocated traffic channel within the cellular network. Then, Step 312 continues the call using the allocated traffic channel.

In another aspect, establishing the call with the first telephone number via the WLAN link in Step 304 includes establishing either an MO or MT call. If the first telephone call is initially established as an MT call, continuing the call via the cellular network in Step 312 includes continuing the handoff call to the CGW telephone number as an MT call.

FIG. 5 is schematic block diagram depicting a variation of the multi-mode portable UT of FIG. 4, for supporting a hard handoff procedure for a call from a WLAN to a cellular telephone network. The UT 102 comprises a means for establishing a call via a WLAN link (502), and a means for monitoring the WLAN link signal strength (504). Also shown is a means for initiating a hard handoff to a cellular network (506), responsive to the monitored WLAN link signal strength falling below a minimum threshold. The UT 102 also comprises a means for continuing the call via a cellular network (508).

Viewing both FIGS. 4 and 5, means 502 (FIG. 5) is typically enabled using a WLAN subsystem 104 (FIG. 4). However, the operation of the WLAN subsystem 104 conventionally requires some support of the microprocessor 420, memory 422, and instructions 423. Means 504 is enabled through the cooperation of the WLAN subsystem 104, with microprocessor 420, memory 420, and software instructions 423. However, the function is typically a software operation using data supplied by the WLAN subsystem 104. Means 506 is typically enabled through the cooperation of cellular subsystem 106, with microprocessor 420, memory 420, and software instructions 423. Means 506 is typically a software operation that supplies commands to the cellular subsystem 106. Means 508 is primarily associated with cellular subsystem 106, with support from the microprocessor 420, memory 422, and instructions 423.

In one aspect, the means for establishing the call via the WLAN link (502) includes establishing a call to a first telephone number. Then, the means for initiating the hard handoff (506) includes initiating a call handoff to a Cellular Gateway (CGW) telephone number, and the means for continuing the call via the cellular network (508) includes continuing the call to the first telephone number via the CGW handoff telephone number.

A system and method have been provided for a UT-initiated hard handoff process that transfers a call from a WLAN network to a cellular network. Examples have been provided to illustrate the invention, especially in the context of CDMA and 802.11 networks. However, the invention is not limited to merely these examples. Other variations and embodiments of the invention will occur to those skilled in the art. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of performing a handover in a communications network, comprising: maintaining, by a network gateway component, call parameters of an active call of a user terminal communicating on a first communications network having a first access technology type; initiating a handover of the active call to a second communications network having a second access technology type different from the first access technology type, comprising obtaining a resource allocation on the second communications network to continue the active call on the second communications network based at least partially on at least a portion of the call parameters, wherein the maintaining of the call parameters further comprises maintaining a first identifier of the user terminal on the first communications network and a second identifier of the user terminal on the second communications network; obtaining a mobile originated call status or a mobile terminated call status of the active call of the user terminal communicating on the first communications network; and maintaining the mobile originated call status or the mobile terminated call status of the active call on the second communications network.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the obtaining of the resource allocation on second communications network further comprises exchanging at least the portion of the call parameters of the active call with the second communications network.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the initiating of the handover of the active call further comprises transmitting a handover request via the first communications network to the user terminal in response to the obtaining of the resource allocation on the second communications network.
 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving a measured reception quality corresponding to the first communications network from the user terminal; and determining to perform the initiating of the handover in response to the measured reception quality.
 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving a measured reception quality corresponding to the second communications network from the user terminal; and determining to perform the initiating of the handover in response to the measured reception quality.
 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving a first measured reception quality corresponding to the first communications network from the user terminal; receiving a second measured reception quality corresponding to the second communications network from the user terminal; and determining to perform the initiating of the handover in response to the first measured reception quality and the second measured reception quality.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first communications network comprises a Wireless Local Area Network technology and wherein the second communications network comprises a cellular technology.
 8. An apparatus for performing a handover in a communications network, comprising: a network gateway component configured to: maintain call parameters of an active call of a user terminal communicating on a first communications network having a first access technology type, initiate a handover of the active call to a second communications network having a second access technology type different from the first access technology type, comprising obtaining a resource allocation on the second communications network to continue the active call on the second communications network based at least partially on at least a portion of the call parameters, wherein the call parameters further comprise a first identifier of the user terminal on the first communications network and a second identifier of the user terminal on the second communications network, obtain a mobile originated call status or a mobile terminated call status of the active call of the user terminal communicating on the first communications network, and maintain the mobile originated call status or the mobile terminated call status of the active call on the second communications network.
 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the network gateway component to obtain the resource allocation on the second communications network is further configured to exchange at least the portion of the call parameters of the active call with the second communications network.
 10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the network gateway component to initiate the handover of the active call is further configured to transmit a handover request via the first communications network to the user terminal in response to the obtaining of the resource allocation on the second communications network.
 11. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the network gateway component is further configured to receive a measured reception quality corresponding to the first communications network from the user terminal, and to determine to perform the initiating of the handover in response to the measured reception quality.
 12. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the network gateway component is further configured to receive a measured reception quality corresponding to the second communications network from the user terminal, and to determine to perform the initiating of the handover in response to the measured reception quality.
 13. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the network gateway component is further configured to receive a first measured reception quality corresponding to the first communications network from the user terminal, to receive a second measured reception quality corresponding to the second communications network from the user terminal, and to determine to perform the initiating of the handover in response to the first measured reception quality and the second measured reception quality.
 14. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the first communications network comprises a Wireless Local Area Network technology and wherein the second communications network comprises a cellular technology.
 15. An apparatus for performing a handover in a communications network, comprising: means for maintaining, at a network gateway component, call parameters of an active call of a user terminal communicating on a first communications network having a first access technology type; means for initiating a handover of the active call to a second communications network having a second access technology type different from the first access technology type, comprising means for obtaining a resource allocation on the second communications network to continue the active call on the second communications network based at least partially on at least a portion of the call parameters, wherein the means for maintaining of the call parameters further comprises means for maintaining a first identifier of the user terminal on the first communications network and a second identifier of the user terminal on the second communications network; means for obtaining a mobile originated call status or a mobile terminated call status of the active call of the user terminal communicating on the first communications network; and means for maintaining the mobile originated call status or the mobile terminated call status of the active call on the second communications network.
 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the means for obtaining the resource allocation on the second communications network further comprises means for exchanging at least the portion of the call parameters of the active call with the second communications network.
 17. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the means for initiating the handover of the active call further comprises means for transmitting a handover request via the first communications network to the user terminal in response to the obtaining of the resource allocation on the second communications network.
 18. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising: means for receiving a measured reception quality corresponding to the first communications network from the user terminal; and means for determining to perform the initiating of the handover in response to the measured reception quality.
 19. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising: means for receiving a measured reception quality corresponding to the second communications network from the user terminal; and means for determining to perform the initiating of the handover in response to the measured reception quality.
 20. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising: means for receiving a first measured reception quality corresponding to the first communications network from the user terminal; means for receiving a second measured reception quality corresponding to the second communications network from the user terminal; and means for determining to perform the initiating of the handover in response to the first measured reception quality and the second measured reception quality.
 21. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the first communications network comprises a Wireless Local Area Network technology and wherein the second communications network comprises a cellular technology.
 22. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the means for initiating the handover of the active call further comprises means for initiating in response to receiving the call handoff from the user terminal, wherein the active call on the first communications network comprises a mobile terminated call with respect to the user terminal, and further comprising, in response to the handover, means for continuing the active call on the second communications network as the mobile terminated call from the user terminal.
 23. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising means for receiving, at the network gateway component, a call from the user terminal at a first telephone number corresponding to a mobile originated call or at a second telephone number corresponding to a mobile terminated call, wherein the means for obtaining the mobile originated call status or the mobile terminated call status of the active call further comprises means for obtaining based on whether the call from the user terminal is received at the first telephone number or at the second telephone number.
 24. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the means for obtaining the mobile originated call status or the mobile terminated call status of the active call further comprises means for obtaining based on control channel communications with either the user terminal or a device associated with the active call.
 25. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising: means for receiving, at the network gateway component, a call from the user terminal at a predetermined handoff telephone number to initiate the handover of the active call to the second communications network; and means for establishing, prior to the initiating of the handover by the network gateway component, a linkage between the predetermined handoff telephone number associated with the active call on the second communications network and the active call established on the first communications network; wherein the means for obtaining of the mobile originated call status or the mobile terminated call status of the active call further comprises means for obtaining based on the linkage.
 26. A method at a user terminal for performing a handover in a communications network, comprising: engaging in an active call by the user terminal communicating on a first communications network having a first access technology type, wherein the active call includes corresponding call parameters maintained at the first communications network, and at least a portion of the call parameters are maintained at a second communications network, wherein the call parameters further comprise a first identifier of the user terminal on the first communications network and a second identifier of the user terminal on the second communications network; performing a handover of the active call to the second communications network having a second access technology type different from the first access technology type, comprising sending a call handoff from the user terminal, wherein the call handoff is configured to cause a network gateway component to obtain a mobile originated call status or a mobile terminated call status of the active call of the user terminal communicating on the first communications network, and to maintain the mobile originated call status or the mobile terminated call status of the active call on the second communications network; and obtaining a resource allocation on the second communications network to continue the active call on the second communications network via the handover based at least partially on at least the portion of the call parameters.
 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the obtaining of the resource allocation on second communications network is based on an exchanging of at least the portion of the call parameters of the active call between the first communications network and the second communications network.
 28. The method of claim 26, wherein the performing of the handover of the active call further comprises receiving a handover request via the first communications network at the user terminal in response to the obtaining of the resource allocation on second communications network.
 29. The method of claim 26, further comprising: transmitting a measured reception quality corresponding to the first communications network; and wherein the handover is in response to the measured reception quality.
 30. The method of claim 26, further comprising: transmitting a measured reception quality corresponding to the second communications network; and wherein the handover is in response to the measured reception quality.
 31. The method of claim 26, further comprising: transmitting a first measured reception quality corresponding to the first communications network; and transmitting a second measured reception quality corresponding to the second communications network; wherein the handover is in response to the first measured reception quality and the second measured reception quality.
 32. The method of claim 26, wherein the first communications network comprises a Wireless Local Area Network technology and wherein the second communications network comprises a cellular technology.
 33. A computer program product operable on a user terminal for performing a handover in a communications network, comprising: a non-transitory memory, comprising at least one instruction for causing the user terminal to: engage in an active call by the user terminal communicating on a first communications network having a first access technology type, wherein the active call includes corresponding call parameters maintained at the first communications network, and at least a portion of the call parameters are maintained at a second communications network, wherein the call parameters further comprise a first identifier of the user terminal on the first communications network and a second identifier of the user terminal on the second communications network; perform a handover of the active call to the second communications network having a second access technology type different from the first access technology type, comprising sending a call handoff from the user terminal, wherein the call handoff is configured to cause a network gateway component to obtain a mobile originated call status or a mobile terminated call status of the active call of the user terminal communicating on the first communications network, and to maintain the mobile originated call status or the mobile terminated call status of the active call on the second communications network; and obtain a resource allocation on the second communications network to continue the active call on the second communications network based at least partially on at least the portion of the call parameters.
 34. The computer program product of claim 33, wherein the at least one instruction for the user terminal to obtain the resource allocation on the second communications network is based on an exchanging of at least the portion of the call parameters of the active call between the first communications network and the second communications network.
 35. The computer program product of claim 33, wherein the at least one instruction for the user terminal to perform the handover of the active call further comprises at least one instruction for the user terminal to receive a handover request via the first communications network based on the obtaining of the resource allocation on the second communications network.
 36. The computer program product of claim 33, further comprising: at least one instruction for transmitting a measured reception quality corresponding to the first communications network; and wherein the handover is in response to the measured reception quality.
 37. The computer program product of claim 33, further comprising: at least one instruction for transmitting a measured reception quality corresponding to the second communications network; and wherein the handover is in response to the measured reception quality.
 38. The computer program product of claim 33, further comprising: at least one instruction for transmitting a first measured reception quality corresponding to the first communications network; and at least one instruction for transmitting a second measured reception quality corresponding to the second communications network; wherein the handover is in response to the first measured reception quality and the second measured reception quality.
 39. The computer program product of claim 33, wherein the first communications network comprises a Wireless Local Area Network technology and wherein the second communications network comprises a cellular technology.
 40. A user terminal for performing a handover in a communications network, comprising: means for engaging in an active call by the user terminal communicating on a first communications network having a first access technology type, wherein the active call includes corresponding call parameters maintained at the first communications network, and at least a portion of the call parameters are maintained at a second communications network, wherein the call parameters further comprise a first identifier of the user terminal on the first communications network and a second identifier of the user terminal on the second communications network; means for performing a handover of the active call to the second communications network having a second access technology type different from the first access technology type, comprising means for sending a call handoff from the user terminal, wherein the call handoff is configured to cause a network gateway component to obtain a mobile originated call status or a mobile terminated call status of the active call of the user terminal communicating on the first communications network, and to maintain the mobile originated call status or the mobile terminated call status of the active call on the second communications network; and means for obtaining a resource allocation on the second communications network to continue the active call on the second communications network based at least partially on at least the portion of the call parameters.
 41. The user terminal of claim 40, wherein the means for obtaining the resource allocation on second communications network is based on an exchanging of at least the portion of the call parameters of the active call between the first communications network and the second communications network.
 42. The user terminal of claim 40, wherein the means for performing the handover of the active call further comprises means for receiving a handover request via the first communications network at the user terminal based on the obtaining of the resource allocation on the second communications network.
 43. The user terminal of claim 40, further comprising: means for transmitting a measured reception quality corresponding to the first communications network; and wherein the handover is in response to the measured reception quality.
 44. The user terminal of claim 40, further comprising: means for transmitting a measured reception quality corresponding to the second communications network; and wherein the handover is in response to the measured reception quality.
 45. The user terminal of claim 40, further comprising: means for transmitting a first measured reception quality corresponding to the first communications network; means for transmitting a second measured reception quality corresponding to the second communications network; and wherein the handover is in response to the first measured reception quality and the second measured reception quality.
 46. The user terminal of claim 40, wherein the first communications network comprises a Wireless Local Area Network technology and wherein the second communications network comprises a cellular technology.
 47. The apparatus of claim 40, wherein the means for performing of the handover of the active call further comprises means for sending a call handoff from the user terminal, wherein the active call on the first communications network comprises a mobile terminated call with respect to the user terminal, and further comprising, in response to the handover, means for continuing the active call on the second communications network as the mobile terminated call from the user terminal.
 48. The apparatus of claim 40, wherein the means for sending the call handoff from the user terminal further comprises means for making a call from the user terminal to a first telephone number corresponding to a mobile originated call or at a second telephone number corresponding to a mobile terminated call.
 49. The apparatus of claim 40, further comprising means for transmitting a control channel communication to provide the mobile originated call status or the mobile terminated call status of the active call.
 50. The apparatus of claim 40, wherein the means for sending the call handoff from the user terminal further comprises means for making a call from the user terminal to a predetermined handoff telephone number to initiate the handover of the active call to the second communications network, wherein the call to the predetermined handoff telephone number is configured to enable a linkage between the predetermined handoff telephone number associated with the active call on the second communications network and the active call established on the first communications network to maintain the mobile originated call status or the mobile terminated call status of the active call based on the linkage.
 51. A user terminal for performing a handover in a communications network, comprising: a first subsystem engaging in an active call by the user terminal communicating on a first communications network having a first access technology type, wherein the active call includes corresponding call parameters maintained at the first communications network, and at least a portion of the call parameters are maintained at a second communications network, wherein the call parameters further comprise a first identifier of the user terminal on the first communications network and a second identifier of the user terminal on the second communications network; circuitry to perform a handover of the active call to the second communications network having a second access technology type different from the first access technology type, comprising sending a call handoff from the user terminal, wherein the call handoff is configured to cause a network gateway component to obtain a mobile originated call status or a mobile terminated call status of the active call of the user terminal communicating on the first communications network, and to maintain the mobile originated call status or the mobile terminated call status of the active call on the second communications network; and a second subsystem to obtain a resource allocation on the second communications network, based at least partially on at least the portion of the call parameters, to continue the active call with the second communications network.
 52. The user terminal of claim 51, wherein the resource allocation on second communications network is based on an exchanging of at least the portion of the call parameters of the active call between the first communications network and the second communications network.
 53. The user terminal of claim 51, wherein the circuitry to perform the handover of the active call is triggered by receiving a handover request via the first communications network at the user terminal based on the obtaining of the resource allocation on the second communications network.
 54. The user terminal of claim 51, further comprising: circuitry to transmit a measured reception quality corresponding to the first communications network; and wherein the handover is in response to the measured reception quality.
 55. The user terminal of claim 51, further comprising: circuitry to transmit a measured reception quality corresponding to the second communications network; and wherein the handover is in response to the measured reception quality.
 56. The user terminal of claim 51, further comprising: circuitry to transmit a first measured reception quality corresponding to the first communications network; circuitry to transmit a second measured reception quality corresponding to the second communications network; and wherein the handover is in response to the first measured reception quality and the second measured reception quality.
 57. The user terminal of claim 51, wherein the first subsystem comprises a WLAN subsystem and wherein the second subsystem comprises a cellular subsystem.
 58. A computer program product operable on a network gateway component in a communications network, comprising: a non-transitory memory, comprising at least one instruction for causing the network gateway component to: maintain call parameters of an active call of a user terminal communicating on a first communications network having a first access technology type; initiate a handover of the active call to a second communications network having a second access technology type different from the first access technology type, comprising obtaining a resource allocation on the second communications network to continue the active call on the second communications network based at least partially on at least a portion of the call parameters, wherein the call parameters further comprise a first identifier of the user terminal on the first communications network and a second identifier of the user terminal on the second communications network; obtain a mobile originated call status or a mobile terminated call status of the active call of the user terminal communicating on the first communications network; and maintain the mobile originated call status or the mobile terminated call status of the active call on the second communications network. 